​The idea of state-building in post-Assad Syria faces formidable challenges, most notably deep social and sectarian divisions and political complexities. The Syrian revolution revealed a deep political and social crisis, reflected in the disconnection between state and society and the state's inability to adapt to social changes. This study contends to rebuild the state the relationship between state and society must be redefined through a new social contract. Adopting a critical analytical approach, the study examines the political, sociological, and normative foundations of the state, with particular attention to obstacles such as sectarianism, fragmented collective identity, and the relationship between religion and politics. It concludes that Syria's crisis is rooted in the erosion of the state in favour of an authoritarian and repressive governing structure. The study therefore calls for a transition toward a contractual model of the state based on a new model of political interaction between society, the state, and authority. Its main contribution lies in proposing a more balanced and context-sensitive framework for the relationship between society and the state.​